.NET/ASP.NET/C#/VB.NET PDF Document SDK

By default, spooled text files are saved as filename.lst by default. Although the default behavior is to save the output in a file, you can also send the output to a printer. Spooling files is very useful when you use SQL to help write SQL scripts, and you can see examples in Appendix A of this book. You can append to, or replace, an existing spool file (replacing is the default). Here is the full syntax of the command: SPOOL { file_name[.ext] [CRE[ATE]|REP[LACE]|APP[END]]| OFF | OUT } This is what the various options stand for: FILE_NAME: Specifies the name of the spool file. The file extension is optional, and lst is the default extension in most cases. CREATE: Creates a new file. REPLACE: Replaces the contents of an existing file and creates a new file if the file doesn t exist. This is the default behavior. APPEND: Adds the contents of the buffer to the end of a file you specify. OFF: Stops spooling. OUT: Stops spooling and sends the file to your default printer. This option is not available on some operating systems. Often, you ll want to attach the current date to the spooled file name. Here s one easy way to do it: COLUMN dcol new_value mydate NOPRINT SELECT TO_CHAR(sysdate,'YYYYMMDD') dcol FROM dual; SPOOL &mydate._output.txt -- your output here SELECT * FROM hr.employees; SPOOL OFF In the preceding script, the mydate variable captures the current date in the format you specify, using SYSDATE. The SPOOL command then uses the mydate variable s value (&mydate) as the prefix to the filename output.txt. Thus, when you run this script, the output.txt file will actually be named something like 20050620.output.txt.

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The ACCEPT command is used to read user input from the screen and save it in a variable. You can either specify the variable or let SQL*Plus create one. The ACCEPT command is typically used to read user input in response to prompts from the SQL*Plus interface. The PROMPT command comes in handy when you re creating interactive scripts. The command sends a message or just a blank line from SQL*Plus to the screen, and it s commonly used to elicit user input or to display comments. For example, including the line PROMPT "Testing" in a script will result in the following output: SQL> "Testing" The ACCEPT and PROMPT commands are usually used together in a SQL script, typically to request user input and save the input in variables that can be used later in the program. The following example illustrates the use of these commands: SQL> PROMPT 'Please enter your last name' SQL> ACCEPT lastname CHAR FORMAT a20 alapati

Other times something like this is attempted:

Providing uninterrupted service by eliminating (or at least minimizing) downtime is an important criterion by which you can judge a DBA s performance. Of course, if the downtime is the result of a faulty disk, the company s service-level agreements (SLAs), if any, will determine how quickly the disk is replaced. DBAs may or may not have control over the maximum time for service provided in the SLAs. For their part, however, DBAs are expected to be proactive and prevent avoidable downtime (such as downtime due to a process running out of space).

Non-inlined thunks: The CLR can also generate a thunk as a separate function that has to be called with an explicit function call (usually a native CALL instruction). Calling a function via a non-inlined thunk is usually between 100 percent and 300 percent slower than calling the same function via an inlined thunk. Generic thunks: The P/Invoke layer offers some special type marshaling features that map arguments from the managed to the native type system before the target method is called, and vice versa when the call returns. P/Invoke functions automatically generated by C++/CLI never use these features; however, you can implement custom P/Invoke metadata that produces a generic thunk. Like non-inlined thunks, calling generic thunks requires an explicit function call. To perform parameter marshaling, a generic thunk calls a generic helper function that consumes further metadata from the P/Invoke function, which is obviously slower than leaving the stack untouched when invoking the target function. Generic thunks are by far the slowest thunks.